Assessment of gamma radiation exposure of beach sands in highly touristic areas associated with plutonic rocks of the Atticocycladic zone (Greece)

摘要

This study aims to evaluate the activity concentrations of U-238, Ra-226 Th-232, Th-228 and, K-40 along beaches close to the plutonic rocks of the Atticocycladic zone that ranged from 15 to 628, 12-2292, 16-10,143, 14-9953 and 191-1192 Bq/kg respectively. A sample from island of Mykonos contained the highest Th-232 content measured in sediments of Greece. The heavy magnetic fraction and the heavy non-magnetic fraction as well as the total heavy fraction, were correlated with the concentrations of the measured radionuclides in the bulk samples. The heavy fractions seem to control the activity concentrations of U-238 and Th-232 of all the samples, showing some local differences in the main U-238 and Th-232 mineral carrier. Similar correlations have been found between U-238, Th-232 content and rare earth elements concentrations. The measured radionuclides in the beach sands were normalized- to the respective values measured in the granitic rocks, which at least in most cases are their most probable parental rocks, so as to provide data upon their enrichment or depletion. Since the Greek beaches are among the most popular worldwide the annual effective dose equivalent received due to sand exposure has been estimated and found to vary between 0.002 and 0.379 mSv y(-1) for tourists and from 0.018 to 3.164 mSv y(-1) for local people working on the beach. The values corresponding to ordinary sand samples are orders of magnitude lower than the limit of 1 mSv y(-1), only in the case of heavy minerals-rich sands the dose could reach or exceed the recommended maximum limit. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.