Factoring the Environmental kuznets Curve: Evidence form Automotive Lead Emissions

摘要

This article describes the relationship between automotive lead emissions and national income for 48 countries over 20 years. It draws three principal conclusions. First, lead emissions can be shown to follow an inverse-U or an "environmental Kuznets curve" with respect to income. Second, the peak of this curve is sensitive to both the functional form estimated and the time period considered.