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Sources of Bias and Solutions to Bias in the Consumer Price Index

机译:消费物价指数中的偏差来源和偏差解决方案

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摘要

The idea of using a basket of goods as the basis for measuring the cost of living dates back to at least the early nineteenth century in England, as Diewert (1993) discusses in his interesting early history of price index research. As "every schoolboy knows" (an English expression), this "constant basket" approach suffers from numerous biases and flaws as the basis for calculating a cost-of-living index. It fails to allow for substitution that occurs when consumers switch away from goods that have become relatively more expensive and toward goods that have become relatively less expensive. It ignores the introduction of new goods. It ignores quality changes in existing goods. Finally, it ignores shifts in shopping patterns to lower-priced stores, like the shift to stores such as Wal-Mart, which is both the largest retailer for consumer products as well as the largest supermarket chain in the United States, a shift that creates the problem of "outlet bias." These problems have been known for a long time; for example, the substitution issue is discussed in Bowley (1899), the new goods problem arises in Marshall (1887), and the quality change problem comes up in Sidgwick (1883). They are discussed again in the 2002 report from the National Research Council, At What Price (Schultze and Mackie, 2002). However, the study was primarily funded by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, and, the new report basically accepts the current BLS approaches to these problems.
机译:正如Diewert(1993)在他有趣的价格指数研究的早期历史中所讨论的那样,使用一篮子商品作为衡量生活成本的基础的想法至少可以追溯到19世纪的英国。正如“每个小学生都知道”(英语表达)一样,这种“固定篮子”方法存在许多偏见和缺陷,它们是计算生活成本指数的基础。当消费者从价格相对昂贵的商品转向价格相对便宜的商品时,它就无法实现替代。它忽略了新商品的推出。它忽略了现有商品的质量变化。最后,它忽略了购物模式向低价商店的转变,例如沃尔玛这样的商店的转变,沃尔玛既是最大的消费品零售商,又是美国最大的连锁超市,这种转变造成了“出口偏向”问题。这些问题早已为人所知。例如,在Bowley(1899)中讨论了替代问题,在Marshall(1887)中出现了新商品问题,在Sidgwick(1883)中出现了质量变化问题。国家研究委员会在2002年的报告中对它们进行了再次讨论,价格不菲(Schultze and Mackie,2002)。但是,该研究主要由美国劳工统计局资助,并且新报告基本上接受了针对这些问题的当前BLS方法。

著录项

  • 来源
    《The journal of economic perspectives》 |2003年第1期|p.23-44|共22页
  • 作者

    Jerry Hausman;

  • 作者单位

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 各科经济学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 23:25:58

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