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The Muddles over Outsourcing

机译:外包问题

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摘要

In the early 1980s, "outsourcing" typically referred to the situation when firms expanded their purchases of manufactured physical inputs, like car companies that purchased window cranks and seat fabrics from outside the firm rather than making them inside But in 2004, outsourcing took on a different meaning. It referred now to a specific segment of the growing international trade in services. This segment consists of arm's-length, or what Bhagwati (1984) called "long-distance," purchase of servicesabroad, principally, but not necessarily, via electronic mediums such as the telephone, fax and the Internet. Outsourcing can happen both though transactions by firms, like phone call centers staffed in Bangalore to serve customers in New York and x-rays transmitted digitally from Boston to be read in Bombay, or with direct consumption purchases by individuals, like when someone hires an offshore firm to provide plans for redesigning or redecorating a living room.
机译:在1980年代初期,“外包”通常指的是公司扩大对制造的实物投入的购买的情况,例如汽车公司从公司外部而不是在公司内部购买窗rank和座椅织物,但是在2004年,外包开始了不同的意思。现在它提到了日益增长的国际服务贸易中的特定部分。此部分包括独立交易,或Bhagwati(1984)所说的“长途”交易,主要但不是必须通过电子媒介(如电话,传真和Internet)购买国外服务。外包既可以通过公司的交易进行,例如可以通过在班加罗尔工作的电话呼叫中心为纽约的客户提供服务的公司进行交易,也可以通过从波士顿以数字方式传输的X射线在孟买进行阅读,也可以通过个人直接购买来进行,例如有人雇用离岸公司时。公司提供重新设计或重新装修客厅的计划。

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