Increases in average herd size have resulted in in- creased concentrations of manure at dairies. Inade- quate or insufficient manure management practices and greater focus on agricultural pollution from envi- ronmental groups have increased the need for scrutiny from regulatory agencies. An overview of the sequence of activities that led to the development and final ap- proval of the National Animal Feeding Operation Strat- egy is presented. The Strategy and associated policy changes serve as the foundation for new enforcement and compliance goals and probable alterations to ex- isting permit requirements. Lastly, identified research needs and educational opportunities are presented.
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