Hybid simulations of the effects of energetic particles on low-frequency MHD waves

摘要

A hybrid MHD-gyrokinetic simulation model is presented which is suitable for self-consistent study of the interaction of energetic particles with low-frequency MHD waves. Fully electromagnetic gyrokinetic equations are used to describe the energetic particles, while the cold background plasma is treated as a fluid, using nonlin- ear one-fluid MHD equations. Based on this model a hybrid MHD- gyrokinetic particle code has been developed. A δf algorithm has been implemented in the code for β-1 electromagnetic perturba- tions.