Adaptive Routing Protocol for Lifetime Maximization in Multi-Constraint Wireless Sensor Networks

摘要

Routing in wireless sensor networks plays arncrucial role in deploying and managing an efficient andrnadaptive network. Ensuring efficient routing entails anrnever-increasing necessity for optimized energy consumptionrnand reliable resource management of both the sensorrnnodes and the overall sensor network. An efficient routingrnsolution is characterized by its ability to increase networkrnlifetime, enhance efficiency, and ensure the appropriaternquality of service. Therefore, the routing protocolsrnneed to be designed with an ultimate objective by consideringrnand efficiently managing many characteristics andrnrequirements, such as fault tolerance, scalability, productionrncosts, and others.rnUnfortunately, many of the existing solutions lead tornhigher power consumption and communication controlrnoverheads, which not only increase network congestionrnbut also decrease network lifetime. In addition, mostrnof these protocols consider a limited number of criteria,rnin contrast to the complexity and the evolutionrnof WSNs. This paper presents a new adaptive andrndynamic multi-criteria routing protocol. Our protocolrnoperates in multi-constraint environments, where mostrnof the current solutions fail to monitor successive andrncontinuous changes in network state and user preferences.rnThis approach provides a routing mechanism, whichrncreates a routing tree based on the evaluation of manyrncriteria. These criteria can cover the topological metricsrnof neighboring nodes (the role of the nodes in intracommunications,rnconnections between different partsrnof the network, etc.), the estimated power consumptionrnto reach each direct neighbor, the path length (numberrnof hops to the sink), the remaining energy of individualrnsensor nodes, and others. These criteria are controlledrnand supervised dynamically through a detection scheme.rnManuscript received Feb. 18, 2017; accepted Jan. 16, 2018.rnF. E. Hajji, C. Leghris, K. Douzi. Research Team RTM, Laboratory LIM,rnFaculty of Sciences and Technologies, Hassan II University of Casablanca,rnB.P 146, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco.rnIn addition, a dynamic selection mechanism, based onrnmulti-attribute decision-making methods, is implementedrnto build and update the routing tree. In response tornchanges in the network state, user preferences, andrnapplication-defined goals, the election mechanism providesrnthe