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Review of environmental performance of sheep farming using life cycle assessment

机译:利用生命周期评估回顾绵羊养殖环境绩效

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly being used as a tool to estimate environmental impacts in the sheep sector. Policymakers have been keener on developing policies and recommending best management practices from a life cycle perspective. This paper reviews the key LCA studies of the sheep sector within the last fifteen years to assess the state of the art of the environmental impacts of the sheep supply chain. Peer-reviewed LCAs as well as global, organizational efforts on the subject have also been reviewed and discussed. Discussions are categorized by products, hotspots, methodologies and system boundaries, and impacts of interest. The vast majority of studies have utilized a "cradle-to-farmgate" system boundary, where impacts associated with production of major farm inputs, management/applications of inputs and direct emissions from livestock are included. The sole focus of the majority of studies in terms of the category of impact has been climate change, quantified through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The impact results are difficult to generalize due to wide discrepancies in farming practices, production efficiencies, product allocation and emission modeling methods. The GHG emissions, however, associated with sheep meat, milk and wool fall in the range of 3.5-25 kg CO2-eq/kg live weight, 2-5 kg CO2-eq/kg fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM), and 20-60 kg CO2-eq/kg greasy wool, respectively. The overwhelming consensus is that the single largest contributor to GHG emissions is direct methanic emission from livestock, generally contributing to 50%-75% of overall GHG emissions. More research needs to be conducted on determining impacts of "post-farm" activities such as processing of sheep products before it reaches the consumers, inclusion of the benefits of carbon sequestration, and consideration of environmental impacts other than climate change. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:生命周期评估(LCA)越来越多地被用作估算绵羊部门环境影响的工具。政策制定者在制定政策方面一直敏锐,从生命周期的角度来看,建议最佳管理实践。本文审查了在过去的十五年内绵羊部门的关键LCA研究,以评估羊供应链的环境影响的领域。对PEER审查的LCAS以及全球,在该主题上的组织努力也得到了审查和讨论。讨论由产品,热点,方法和系统界限和利息的影响分类。绝大多数研究已经利用了“摇篮到农场”系统边界,其中包括与生产主要农场投入,管理/应用的产生相关的影响以及来自牲畜的直接排放。大多数研究的唯一重点在于影响类别的研究方面一直是气候变化,通过温室气体(GHG)排放量量化。由于农业实践,生产效率,产品分配和发射模拟方法的广泛差异,影响结果难以概括。然而,与绵羊肉,牛奶和羊毛有关的温室气体排放量为3.5-25公斤CO2-eq / kg活重,2-5公斤CO2-eq / kg脂肪和蛋白质矫正牛奶(FPCM),以及分别为20-60公斤CO2-eq / kg油腻的羊毛。压倒性的共识是,单一的GHG排放贡献者是牲畜的直接甲烷,一般有助于总体温室气体排放的50%-75%。需要进行更多的研究,以确定“农场后”活动的影响,例如羊产品的加工在达到消费者之前,包括碳封存的益处,并考虑到气候变化以外的环境影响。 (c)2021 elestvier有限公司保留所有权利。

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