HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF THE TOW-THOMAS BI-QUADRATIC FILTER. PART I. GENERATION AND OP AMP REALIZATIONS

摘要

The history of Tow-Thomas second-order filter is reviewed. Two alternative generation methods of the Tow-Thomas filter are discussed. The first is a generation method from the second-order passive RLC filter and the second is from the multiple feedbacks inverting low-pass filter using a single op amp. Several forms of the circuit are briefly reviewed. Passive and active compensation methods to improve the circuit performance for high-Q designs are summarized. Spice simulation results are included.