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Sugar signalling and gene expression in relation to carbohydrate metabolism under abiotic stresses in plants

机译:植物非生物胁迫下糖信号和基因表达与碳水化合物代谢的关系

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摘要

Sucrose is required for plant growth and development. The sugar status of plant cells is sensed by sensor proteins. The signal generated by signal transduction cascades, which could involve mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein phosphatases, Ca 2+ and calmodulins, results in appropriate gene expression. A variety of genes are either induced or repressed depending upon the status of soluble sugars. Abiotic stresses to plants result in major alterations in sugar status and hence affect the expression of various genes by down- and up-regulating their expression. Hexokinase-dependent and hexokinase-independent pathways are involved in sugar sensing. Sucrose also acts as a signal molecule as it affects the activity of a proton-sucrose symporter. The sucrose trans-porter acts as a sucrose sensor and is involved in phloem loading. Fructokinase may represent an additional sensor that bypasses hexokinase phosphorylation especially when sucrose synthase is dominant. Mutants isolated on the basis of response of germination and seedling growth to sugars and reporter-based screening protocols are being used to study the response of altered sugar status on gene expression. Common cis-acting elements in sugar signalling pathways have been identified. Transgenic plants with elevated levels of sugars/sugar alcohols like fructans, raffinose series oligosaccharides, trehalose and mannitol are tolerant to different stresses but have usually impaired growth. Efforts need to be made to have transgenic plants in which abiotic stress responsive genes are expressed only at the time of adverse environmental conditions instead of being constitutively synthesized.
机译:蔗糖是植物生长和发育所必需的。植物细胞的糖状态由传感器蛋白感测。由信号转导级联产生的信号可能涉及有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶,蛋白磷酸酶,Ca 2+和钙调蛋白,从而导致适当的基因表达。根据可溶性糖的状态,可以诱导或抑制多种基因。对植物的非生物胁迫导致糖状态发生重大变化,因此通过下调和上调它们的表达来影响各种基因的表达。糖激酶中依赖于己糖激酶和不依赖己糖激酶的途径。蔗糖还充当信号分子,因为它影响质子-蔗糖同向转运蛋白的活性。蔗糖转运蛋白充当蔗糖传感器,并参与韧皮部负载。果糖激酶可能是绕过己糖激酶磷酸化的另一种传感器,尤其是在蔗糖合酶占主导时。基于发芽和幼苗生长对糖的反应和基于报告基因的筛选方案分离的突变体正用于研究糖状态变化对基因表达的反应。已经确定了糖信号传导途径中常见的顺式作用元件。糖/糖醇含量高的转基因植物,如果聚糖,棉子糖系列低聚糖,海藻糖和甘露醇,可以耐受不同的胁迫,但通常会损害其生长。需要努力使其中非生物胁迫响应基因仅在不利的环境条件下表达而不是组成合成的转基因植物。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Journal of Biosciences》 |2005年第5期|p.761-776|共16页
  • 作者

    Gupta AK; Kaur N;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004, India. anilkgupta@satyam.net.in;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物科学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 23:37:31

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