首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis >Laboratory investigation of CAPRI catalytic THAI-add-on process for heavy oil production and in situ upgrading
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Laboratory investigation of CAPRI catalytic THAI-add-on process for heavy oil production and in situ upgrading

机译:用于重油生产和原位改造的CAPRI催化THAI附加工艺的实验室研究

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High viscosity and impurities make heavy oil and bitumen extraction, transportation and refining difficult and cost intensive. Subjecting them to catalytic pyrolysis in situ with the reservoir as free reactor would significantly enhance extraction, reduce environmental footprint and lower facility cost for surface upgrader. In this study, the catalytic "add-on" to Toe-to -HeelAir Injection (THAI) was simulated in the laboratory with fixed-bed reactor at established optimum conditions (425 degrees C, 20 barg, and WHSV 9.1(-1)). The liberation of hydrocarbon gases (C-1 - C-5) and hydrogen during catalytic upgrading require large carbon-rejection to achieve appreciable level of upgrade. These gases CH4, C2H6 and H-2 have the highest H:C ratio, hence their significant presence in the gas phase could only result in better upgrading in terms of API gravity and viscosity in the early hours of operation provided it was accompanied by high carbon-rejection to conserve C and H between gas, oil and coke phases. As a consequence more coke formation was noticed with Ni/Zeolite-Alumina catalyst 21.8 wt% compared to 11.4 wt% (Ni/Alumina) and 26.2 wt% (Alumina). As a function of time-on-stream, the API gravity increases from a value of 12.8 degrees for the THAI feed oil by 1.4 degrees for the first 20 min of reaction, increases by 6 degrees after 120 min, rapidly decreases from 6 degrees to 1.4 degrees between 120 and 280 min, and settles at an average of 2.2 degrees. The viscosity decreased respectively by 87% (Ni/Zeolite-Alumina), 79% (Ni/Alumina) and 62% (Alumina) relative to 1.1 Pas (supplied THAI oil) after 920 min operation. The main challenge therefore is to sustain the activity of the catalyst long enough and mitigate the impact of liberated hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases during the upgrading; possibly by adding external hydrogen-donor source to help suppress coke fouling on the catalyst and supply hydrogen for hydrogenation reactions.
机译:高粘度和杂质使重油和沥青的提取,运输和精制变得困难且成本高昂。使它们与作为自由反应器的储层一起进行原位催化热解将显着提高萃取效率,减少环境足迹并降低表面改良剂的设备成本。在这项研究中,在固定床反应器的实验室中,在既定的最佳条件下(425℃,20 barg和WHSV 9.1(-1)),模拟了脚趾到脚跟空气注射(THAI)的催化“附加物” )。催化改质过程中碳氢化合物气体(C-1-C-5)和氢气的释放需要大量的除碳才能达到明显的改质水平。这些气体CH4,C2H6和H-2具有最高的H:C比率,因此,如果它们在气相中的大量存在,则在操作的早期,如果API重力和粘度提高,则只能提高API重力和粘度。碳排碳以节省气相,石油相和焦炭相之间的碳和氢。结果,与21.4重量%(Ni /氧化铝)和26.2重量%(氧化铝)相比,使用21.8重量%的Ni /沸石/氧化铝催化剂发现更多的焦炭形成。作为运行时间的函数,API重力在反应的前20分钟内从THAI进料油的12.8度增加1.4度,在120分钟后增加6度,从6度迅速降低至在120到280分钟之间为1.4度,平均稳定为2.2度。 920分钟操作后,相对于1.1 Pas(提供的THAI油),粘度分别降低了87%(Ni /沸石/氧化铝),79%(Ni /氧化铝)和62%(氧化铝)。因此,主要的挑战是维持催化剂的活性足够长的时间,并减轻升级过程中释放出的氢气和富氢气体的影响。可能是通过添加外部氢供体源来帮助抑制催化剂上的焦炭结垢并为氢化反应提供氢。

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