現代日本の建築家による一室空間形式の住宅の設計意図: 近代主義建築の空間言語を題材とした現代建築家の住宅設計論に関する研究

摘要

The unified floor plan, with no interior division except for service spaces, is one of the most characteristic modernist spatial types for residences, as exemplified by the Farnsworth House (Mies van der Rohe, 1945-51). After World War II a number of such houses, referred to in Japan as "one-room house", made their appearance. Here we aim to illustrate and examine how Japanese architects of the time extrapolated a design theme from this model, based on a study of such work as it appeared in architectural publications. Initially, two aspects of the unified floor plan concept were selected, and each scheme was then subjected to a "KJ-method" analysis (originated by KAWAKITA Jiro). First, we scrutinized the architect's intention in adopting a unified floor plan. Secondly, we attempted to assess each architect's distinct view of the spatial character of the prototype, as exemplified in his deployment of this model. At this point, the composition of each house was correlated with regard to two aspects involving relationship between inside and outside. Namely, positioning of apertures and the interrelation of building to site. Finally, the mediation between each architect's thinking and the final composition has been plotted in terms of this dual classification.%住宅内の空間を、設備機能を除きひとつの空間として構成する一室空間形式注は、新たな生活様式が求められた1950年代以降、住宅の空間形式のプロトタイプとして注目され、これまで多くの建築家注によってさまざまな実践的な試みが行われてきた。たとえば戦後小住宅を代表する増沢淘の自邸は、9坪という極小空間を住宅として成立させるために、限られた要素により空間を簡潔に構成することで、吹抜けを介して立体的に展開される住空間に軽快さと一体的な広がりをつくり出している。