ラィデン国立民族学博物館所蔵町家模型の特質: ライデン国立民族学博物館所蔵町家模型からみた日本の近世町家1

摘要

19世紀初め、長崎出島のオランダ商館に勤務したヤン•コック•ブロムホフ（Jan Cock Blomhoff 1779-1853、出島商館長）（以下、プロムホフ）、ヨハン•フレデリク•ファン•ォ一フェルメール•フィッセル（Johan Frederik van Overmeer Fisscher 1800-1848、一等書記官）（以下、フィッセル）、フィリップ•フランツ•フォン•シ一ボルト（Philipp Franz von Siebold 1796-1866、商館付き医師）（以下、シ一ボルト）は、日本の町家に関する貴重な記録を残している。なかでも、日本人に製作させ、オランダのライデン国立民族学博物館（以下、ライデン博）に所蔵されている町家等の模型は、19世紀初めの実際の町家を想像できるように工夫されている。%This study presents an overall picture regarding the machiya (Japanese old-style town house) models held by the National Museum of Ethnology,Leiden. The Siebold collection includes a diversity of models: three mercantile houses, two entertainment facilities, one house, one warehouse, one watch house, and one farmhouse. The Blomhoff collection includes one house, three warehouse, and two toilets. The Fisscher collection includes one mercantile house and one entertainment facility. There are a total of 21 models when one adds the four that are unclear.In the case of the Siebold collection's machiya models, the rooms are finished differently depending on their intended use. They accurately reflect the interior design of machiya, and show how the merchandise and tools witnin them differed depending on trade / occupation. Siebold did not only understand the relationship between trade / occupation and buildings, but also that interior design differed depending on people's jobs and social status.