NATO's Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) - the alliance's La Spezia, Italy-based in-house research and development laboratory - is trialling a text-based method for underwater communication to and from a dived submarine. The development has significant implications for submarine operations, potentially enabling a submarine to send and receive text-based messages while remaining at depth. Submarines have traditionally operated largely as autonomous assets, maximising output as 'rogue' hunters of targets and gatherers of information. Today, however, there is a growing requirement to transmit information to and from a dived submarine: sending information to the boat increases its wider battlespace awareness and receiving information from the boat exploits its unique perspective.
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