High-capacity hydrogen storage in Li-decorated (AlN)_n (n = 12, 24, 36) nanocages

摘要

The capability of Li-decorated (AlN)_n (n = 12, 24, 36) nanocages for hydrogen storage has been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). It is found that each Al atom is capable of binding one H_2 molecule up to a gravimetric density of hydrogen storage of 4.7 wt% with an average binding energy of 0.189, 0.154, and 0.144 eV/H_2 in the pristine (AlN)_n (n = 12, 24, 36) nanocages, respectively. Further, we find that Li atoms can be preferentially decorated on the top of N atoms in (AlN)_n (n = 12, 24, 36) nanocages without clustering, and up to two H_2 molecules can bind to each Li atom with an average binding energy of 0.145, 0.154, 0.102 eV/H_2 in the Li_n(AlN)_n (n = 12, 24, 36) nanocages, respectively. Both the polarization of the H_2 molecules and the hybridization of the Li-2p orbitals with the H-s orbitals contribute to the H_2 adsorption on the Li atoms. Thus, the Li-decorated (AlN)_n (n = 12, 24, 36) nanocages can store hydrogen up to 7.7 wt%, approaching the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) target of 9 wt% by the year 2015, and the average binding energies of H_2 molecules lying in the range of 0.1-0.2 eV/H_2 are favorable for the reversible hydrogen adsorption/desorption at ambient conditions. It is also pointed out that when allowed to interact with each other, the agglomeration of Li-decorated (AlN)_n nanocages would lower the hydrogen storage capacity.