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Characterization and damage assessment of stones used in the Pasargadae World Heritage Site, Achaemenian period

机译:阿契美尼亚时期Pasargadae世界遗产遗址中使用的宝石的特性和损坏评估

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The architectural remains at Pasargadae were built of three different stones classified according to their colors (beige, dark-gray, and green-gray). The stones show different macroscopic features, such as texture and decay patterns. The aim of this study is to identify the composition of the stones and to evaluate the main decay factors through petrographic studies in order to make conservation decisions more compatible. Petrochemical analyses show that the stones are in fact limestones with different features; two of them have a compact texture (beige and dark-gray stones), while the third has a fairly porous structure (green-gray stone). In some beige stone samples, dolomite was identified. Despite the fact that the presence of salt is a possible decay factor, X-ray diffraction analysis did not report any salt. According to SEM observations, the main reasons for decay in dark-gray and green-gray stones are the dissolution of calcite crystals and the swelling of clay minerals. The main decay factor in the beige stone, by contrast, is dissolution induced by microorganism activity. However, a patina formed by lichens on the surface of the beige stone, although aesthetically detrimental, protects it against further decay.
机译:帕萨尔加达(Pasargadae)的建筑遗迹是由三种不同的石头(根据其颜色(米色,深灰色和绿色灰色)分类)建造的。石头显示出不同的宏观特征,例如纹理和衰减模式。这项研究的目的是确定岩石的成分,并通过岩相学研究评估主要的衰变因子,以使保护决策更加兼容。石化分析表明,这些石头实际上是具有不同特征的石灰石。它们中的两个具有致密的质地(米色和深灰色的石头),而第三个具有相当多孔的结构(绿色-灰色的石头)。在一些米色石头样品中,鉴定出白云石。尽管盐的存在是可能的衰减因素,但X射线衍射分析没有发现盐。根据SEM的观察结果,深灰色和绿色灰色宝石发生腐烂的主要原因是方解石晶体的溶解和粘土矿物的溶胀。相比之下,米色宝石中的主要衰变因子是微生物活动引起的溶解。但是,米色石头表面的地衣形成的古铜色虽然在美学上是有害的,但可以防止其进一步腐烂。

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