INTERACTION BETWEEN REGULATION AND THE BARGAINING FRAMEWORK

摘要

1. Wholesale access regulation: The presence or absence of wholesale network access regulation is an important determinant of the availability of infrastructure inputs, and hence the outside options (alternative network operators) available for IP service providers. 2. Interconnection: Interconnection determines whether network effects operate at the industry or company level. The presence of company level network effects combined with the potential to scale globally is an important determinant of the replicability of digital inputs used by a particular firm and hence the outside options (alternative IP service providers) available for network operators.