The ontology of words: a structural approach

摘要

Words form a fundamental basis for our understanding of linguistic practice. However, the precise ontology of words has eluded many philosophers and linguists. A persistent difficulty for most accounts of words is the type-token distinction [Bromberger, S. 1989. "Types and Tokens in Linguistics." In Reflections on Chomsky, edited by A. George, 58-90. Basil Blackwell; Kaplan, D. 1990. "Words." Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume LXIV: 93-119]. In this paper, I present a novel account of words which differs from the atomistic and platonistic conceptions of previous accounts which I argue fall prey to this problem. Specifically, I proffer a structuralist account of linguistic items, along the lines of structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics [Shapiro, S. 1997. Philosophy of Mathematics: Structure and Ontology. Oxford University Press], in which words are defined in part as positions in larger linguistic structures. I then follow Szabo [1999. "Expressions and Their Representations." The Philosophical Quarterly 49 (195): 145-163] and Parsons [1990. "The Structuralist View of Mathematical Objects." Synthese 84: 303-346] in further defining words as quasi-concrete objects according to a representation relation. This view aims for general correspondence with contemporary generative linguistic approaches to the study of language.