Twenty years of object-relational mapping: A survey on patterns, solutions, and their implications on application design

摘要

Context: Almost twenty years after the first release of TopLink for Java, Object-Relational Mapping Solutions (ORMS5) are available at every popular development platform, providing useful tools for developers to deal with the impedance mismatch problem. However, no matter how ubiquitous these solutions are, this essential problem remains as challenging as ever. Different solutions, each with a particular vocabulary, are difficult to learn, and make the impedance problem looks deceptively simpler than it really is.