Copy-for-duplication forgery detection in colour images using QPCETMs and sub-image approach

摘要

Most of the existing copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) methods utilised time-consuming overlapped block-based approach. Here, a novel sub-image approach is proposed for extremely fast and highly accurate detecting of the duplicated forged objects in colour images. The proposed approach consists of few steps. The input coloured images are converted into the hue-saturation-value (HSV) colour model. Then, the edges of all objects in the forged image are detected using the Sobel operator. Morphological opening operator and median filter are used in removing unnecessary small objects. The boundaries of the duplicated objects are accurately detected. A bounding rectangle is drawn around the detected object to form a sub-image. The features of this sub-image are extracted by using the quaternion polar complex exponential transform moments (QPCETMs) and their invariants to rotation, scaling, and translation. Finally, the duplicated regions are matched via calculating the Euclidian distances and the correlation between the feature vectors. Experiments are performed using different types of duplicated regions. The obtained results of the proposed method are much accurate when compared with the results of the existing methods. Also, the proposed method exhibits high robustness against different attacks such as additive white Gaussian noise, JPEG compression, scaling, and rotation.