Bearing Error Estimation in Inhomogeneous Ocean Applying the Three-Dimensional BELLHOP Propagation Model

摘要

This study discusses a 3D version of propagation loss model employing the Gaussian Beam Tracing. The so-called existing Nx2D or 2.5D approach neglects the refraction of sound energy out of the vertical plane associated with each bearing line. Such out-of-plane effects can be crucial when there are significant horizontal gradients in the environment. These occur with strong oceanographic features such as nonlinear internal waves, or in areas with strong bathymetry features. We deliver some simulation results for the cases including a few bathymetry features and internal waves.