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Methods for water quality sampling and load estimation in monitoring of Norwegian agricultural catchments

机译:挪威农业流域监测中水质采样和负荷估算方法

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摘要

Different sampling procedures are applied to monitor water quality in agricultural catchments in the Nordic countries. The need for comparing monitoring results from the Nordic countries was the incentive for establishing a project aimed at comparing estimates of nutrient losses determined using different sampling strategies. Three different sampling methods were compared in three Norwegian catchments: weekly flow-proportional composite sampling (FPCS), weekly composite sampling with temporally equidistant subsampling every second hour (TECS) and temporally equidistant weekly point sampling (PS). Differences in load estimated between the three tested sampling strategies were smaller for nitrogen than for phosphorus or suspended solids. Point sampling tended to miss some of the peaks in concentrations of phosphorus and suspended solids, particularly during flow events, causing significantly lower load estimates for phosphorus and suspended solids by point sampling compared with composite sampling strategies. Flow-proportional composite sampling gave the most reliable data for event-responsible compounds or when the predictability of peaks was low. Based on this investigation, and similar studies in the other Nordic countries, a flow-proportional sampling strategy is recommended for studies of water quality in agricultural streams.
机译:在北欧国家,采用了不同的采样程序来监测农业流域的水质。需要比较北欧国家的监测结果是建立一个项目的动机,该项目旨在比较使用不同采样策略确定的营养损失估算。在挪威的三个流域中,对三种不同的采样方法进行了比较:每周流量比例复合采样(FPCS),每周每隔一小时具有时间等距二次采样(TECS)的每周复合采样和时间等距每周点采样(PS)。三种测试采样策略之间估计的负荷差异对于氮而言要小于对磷或悬浮固体而言。点采样往往会错过磷和悬浮固体浓度的某些峰值,特别是在流动事件期间,与复合采样策略相比,点采样对磷和悬浮固体的负荷估算值要低得多。流量比例复合采样为事件相关化合物或峰的可预测性较低提供了最可靠的数据。根据这项调查以及其他北欧国家的类似研究,建议采用流量比例采样策略来研究农业流中的水质。

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