Snap Judgment? Not So Fast: Thought, Reasoning, and Choice as Psychological Realities

摘要

Many years ago when I was a student it was frequently impressed upon us that generalizing findings from one type of situation to types too far afield was scientifically unsound. At that time, the field of psychology was also undergoing what has been termed a 'cognitive revolution,' in which human beings were increasingly viewed as engaging in thought, reasoning, and choices about the world around them. The revolution was supplanting the behaviorists' propositions of environmental determinism, the maturationists' emphasis on biological determinism, and the psychoanalysts' focus on unconscious processes. All of those schools of psychology presented a view of human functioning as non-rational or irrational and involving a lack of choice. The cognitive revolution also entailed reconsideration of the robustness of findings from laboratory experiments assessing limited phenomena.