Исследование технологий создания трехмерных моделей памятников на основе фото-, стереосъемки и лазерного сканирования

摘要

3D-models are widely used in order to create virtual museums, geoinformation systems of cultural heritage sites. They are also of great help to museums using modern technologies VR, AR, MR (Virtual reality, Augmented Reality, Mixed Reality). The main task of the work is to study the most common technologies for creating 3D-models. The purpose of the work was to create a 3D-model of the architectural monument of Catherine Ⅱ, the Great, located at: Moscow, Gorokhovsky lane, house 4. The 3D-model of the monument was created by three main methods currently released widely in implementation. This is a method based on digital camera photography, a method of stereoscopic photography, marketed as an optical scanning method, and a laser scanning method. The technology of obtaining a 3D-model by a combined method (combining parts of three-dimensional models obtained by different methods) was studied. In the process of studying the technologies for creating three-dimensional models of monuments, an estimation of the accuracy of the construction of the three-dimensional model was carried out for each of the methods. Also during the research, a comparative evaluation of methods was carried out for such indicators as: the time spent on field work and cameral processing, the price of the device and the software used in the process of obtaining the 3D-model. The result of the research shows that the monument of Catherine Ⅱ, the Great is a unique object, combining elements with regular shapes with a weakly expressed texture and complex shapes with small relief details. When obtaining a 3D-model, it is reasonable to combine technologies of different methods, depending on the ultimate objective of modeling and requirements put forward by a customer.%3D-модели широко используются для создания виртуальных музеев. В работе создана 3D-модель архитектурного памятника Екатерине II (Великой) тремя основными методами: на основе фотосъемки цифровой камерой, с помощью стереосъемки и лазерного сканирования. Исследована технология получения 3D-модели комбинированным методом. В процессе исследования для каждого из методов оценена точность построения 3D-модели и проведена сравнительная оценка методов по временным и ценовым показателям. При создании 3D-модели наиболее целесообразно совмещение технологий разных методов в зависимости от требований, выдвигаемых заказчиком, и конечной цели моделирования.