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Biodiversity and Fisheries Resource Management in the Satoumi

机译:佐藤市的生物多样性和渔业资源管理

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Japanese fisheries are characterized by (1) having a large proportion of artisanal fisheries, (2) establishing territorial user rights in fisheries (TURFs) by local fisheries cooperative associations (FCAs), (3) being one of the largest national fisheries in the world, and (4) using a variety of resources, from plankton-feeders to top predators, from sea urchin to marine mammals. The marine trophic index (MTI), the average trophic level of fisheries catches, has varied from ca. 3.1 in 1990 to ca. 3.6 in 1960 and 2000. There are many autonomous marine protected areas (MPAs) in Japanese coastal waters. Most of these MPAs are not legally regulated, but managed by the associated FCAs. MPAs are established or expanded when the major fisheries resources are depleted. In the case of Shiretoko, in northern Japan, a seasonal fishing-ban area for walleye pollock was established in 1994 because its stock was depleted. The MPA was extended according to the advice of the Scientific Council of the Shiretoko World Heritage Site in 2005. After that, Shiretoko was designated a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. The marine management plan for the Shiretoko World Heritage Site compiles the catches and yields of fisheries in the Shiretoko area, which are used for assessment of the fisheries' sustainability. Even at Japanese World Heritage Sites, we seek a balance between sustainable use of bioresources and conservation of biodiversity, instituting UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program.
机译:日本渔业的特点是(1)手工渔业占很大比例;(2)地方渔业合作社(FCA)建立渔业领土使用权(TURF);(3)是世界上最大的国家渔业之一,以及(4)使用各种资源,从浮游生物饲养者到顶级捕食者,从海胆到海洋哺乳动物。海洋营养指数(MTI),即渔业捕捞的平均营养水平,在大约2000到1000之间。 3.1在1990年至3.6在1960年和2000年出现。日本沿海水域有许多自治海洋保护区(MPA)。这些MPA中的大多数不受法律约束,但由相关的FCA管理。当主要渔业资源枯竭时,建立或扩大海洋保护区。在日本北部的知床(Shiretoko),由于其种群已经枯竭,于1994年建立了季节性捕食角膜白斑鳕的禁区。 2005年,根据知床世界遗产地科学理事会的建议对MPA进行了扩展。此后,知床被指定为联合国教科文组织世界自然遗产。知床世界遗产的海洋管理计划汇编了知床地区的渔获量和产量,用于评估渔业的可持续性。即使在日本的世界遗产中,我们也通过建立联合国教科文组织的人与生物圈计划,在生物资源的可持续利用与生物多样性保护之间寻求平衡。

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