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The affective labor of growing forests and the becoming of environmental subjects: Rethinking environmentality in Odisha, India

机译:森林生长的情感劳动和环境主题的兴起:印度奥里萨邦对环境的反思

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摘要

How do humans come to care for their environment and what turns them into conservationists are central questions in environmental politics. Recent scholars have turned to Foucault's ideas of "governmen-tality" to understand how technologies of power intersect with technologies of the self to create "environmental subjects," that is, people who display a sense of commitment to the conservation of the environment. In this article, I argue that the applications of governmentality tend to privilege technologies of power and pay insufficient attention to the role of affect, emotions, and embodied practices in shaping human subjectivities. I draw on Spinoza's framework of affects and Hardt and Negri's idea of "affective labor" to bring attention to the processes through which human beings make themselves and the role of affect and environmental care practices in shaping subjectivity. Using the example of community-based forest conservation efforts in Odisha, India, I argue that we need to look beyond economic and political rationalities to explain human action and behavior. I suggest that villagers' efforts to regenerate degraded forests involve affective labor in which mind and body, reason and passion, intellect and feeling are all employed together. Through the daily practices of caring for the forest and helping the forests grow, villagers not only transform natural landscapes but also transform their individual and collective subjectivities. I conclude by elaborating on the "biopower from below" of these environmental care practices.
机译:人类如何保护环境以及如何使他们成为环境保护主义者是环境政治中的核心问题。最近的学者转向福柯的“政府能力”思想,以了解权力技术如何与自我技术相交,从而创造出“环境主体”,即那些对环境保护表示出坚定承诺的人。在本文中,我认为,政府性的应用倾向于特权技术的特权,而对影响,情感和具体实践在塑造人类主观性方面的作用却没有给予足够的重视。我将借鉴Spinoza的情感框架以及Hardt和Negri的“情感劳动”思想,以提请人们关注人类赖以生存的过程以及情感和环境保护实践在塑造主体性方面的作用。以印度奥里萨邦基于社区的森林保护工作为例,我认为我们需要超越经济和政治理性来解释人类的行为和行为。我建议村民为退化森林的更新所做的努力涉及到情感劳动,精神和身体,理性和激情,智力和感觉都被一起运用。通过照顾森林和帮助森林成长的日常实践,村民不仅改变了自然景观,而且改变了他们的个人和集体主体。最后,我将详细介绍这些环境护理实践的“自下而上的生物力量”。

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