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Understanding linkages between ecosystem service payments, forest plantations, and export agriculture

机译:了解生态系统服务付款,人工林和出口农业之间的联系

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摘要

In this paper, I consider how and why payments for ecosystem services (PES) become embedded within a country's wider land use practices and economic sectors. To do so, I examine the linkages between Costa Rica's reforestation payments and the country's agricultural and forestry sectors. I first situate the rise of PES in Costa Rica within a changing political economy of land use by showing how PES emerged during a period of drastic state policy changes toward forestry and agricultural sectors. This was an era that opened political space for PES, but largely left the economic organization of the country's forestry sector intact. Second, I examine the types of trees that have been planted due to the reforestation modality of Costa Rica's PES program, and how such trees are used across the wider economy. I find that most trees planted under this program are for the fast growing Melina (Gmelina arborea) tree, a species that is almost exclusively used for the production of wooden pallets for agricultural export. Such an outcome renders Costa Rica's payments for reforestation an indirect state subsidy for large agribusiness. I situate these findings within geographic and policy debates about PES and neoliberal environmental policy more broadly. I argue that the empirical results presented here have little to do with the policy's purportedly neoliberal features, but instead, derive from the policy's insertion within long standing patterns of agricultural production and land use.
机译:在本文中,我考虑了如何以及为什么将生态系统服务付款(PES)嵌入到一个国家的更广泛的土地使用实践和经济部门中。为此,我研究了哥斯达黎加的重新造林支出与该国农业和林业部门之间的联系。首先,我通过说明在对林业和农业领域的剧烈国家政策转变时期,PES是如何出现的,首先将哥斯达黎加PES的兴起置于不断变化的土地使用政治经济之中。这个时代为PES开辟了政治空间,但很大程度上却保留了该国林业部门的经济组织。其次,我研究了由于哥斯达黎加的PES计划的重新造林方式而种植的树木类型,以及在整个经济中如何使用这些树木。我发现,根据该计划种植的大多数树木都是用于快速生长的Melina(Gmelina arborea)树,该树种几乎专门用于生产用于农业出口的木板。这样的结果使哥斯达黎加为植树造林所支付的费用成为大型农业综合企业的间接国家补贴。我将这些发现放在更广泛的关于PES和新自由主义环境政策的地理和政策辩论中。我认为,这里提出的经验结果与该政策所谓的新自由主义特征没有多大关系,而是源于该政策在长期的农业生产和土地利用模式中的介入。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Geoforum》 |2013年第6期|103-112|共10页
  • 作者

    David M. Lansing;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, United States, 211 Sondheim Hall, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    PES; Costa Rica; Neoliberalism; Forestry; Plantation agriculture;

    机译:PES;哥斯达黎加;新自由主义;林业;人工林农业;
  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 03:36:29

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