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The large hadron collider project

机译:大型强子对撞机项目

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Knowledge of the fundamental constituents of matter has greatly advanced, over the last decades. The Standard Theory of fundamental interactions presents us with a theoretically sound picture, which describes with great accuracy known physical phenomena on most diverse energy and distance scales. These range from 10~(-16) cm, inside the nucleons, up to large-scale astrophysical bodies, including the early Universe at some nanosecond after the Big-Bang and temperatures of the order of 10~2 GeV. The picture is not yet completed, however, as we lack the observation of the Higgs boson, predicted in the 100-500 GeV range a particle associated with the generation of particle masses and with the quantum fluctuations in the primordial Universe. In addition, the Standard Theory is expected to undergo a change of regime in the 10~3 GeV region, with the appearance of new families of particles, most likely associated with the onset of a new symmetry (supersymmetry). In 1994, the CERN Council approved the construction of the large hadron collider (LHC), a proton-proton collider of a new design to be installed in the existing LEP tunnel, with an energy of 7 TeV per beam and extremely large luminosity, of ~ 10~(34) cm~(-2) s~(-1). Construction was started in 1996, with the additional support of the US, Japan, Russia, Canada and other European countries, making the LHC a really global project, the first one in particle physics. After a short review of the physics scenario, I report on the present status of the LHC construction. Special attention is given to technological problems such as t
机译:在过去的几十年中,对物质的基本成分的了解大大提高了。基本相互作用的标准理论为我们提供了理论上合理的图像,该图像非常准确地描述了在各种能量和距离范围内已知的物理现象。它们的范围从核子内部的10〜(-16)cm到大规模的天体物理学体,包括大爆炸后约纳秒的早期宇宙和大约10〜2 GeV的温度。但是,由于我们缺乏对希格斯玻色子的观察,该图尚未完成。希格斯玻色子在100-500 GeV范围内预测到与粒子质量的产生和原始宇宙中的量子涨落相关的粒子。此外,标准理论有望在10〜3 GeV区域发生变化,出现新的粒子家族,这很可能与新对称性(超对称性)的出现有关。 1994年,CERN理事会批准了大型强子对撞机(LHC)的建造,这是一种新型设计的质子-质子对撞机,将安装在现有的LEP隧道中,每束能量为7 TeV,光度极高。约10〜(34)cm〜(-2)s〜(-1)。 LHC的建造始于1996年,得到了美国,日本,俄罗斯,加拿大和其他欧洲国家的额外支持,使LHC成为了真正的全球项目,这是粒子物理学中的第一个项目。在对物理情况进行简短回顾之后,我报告了LHC建设的现状。特别关注技术问题,例如t

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  • 来源
    《Fusion Engineering and Design》 |1999年第4期|433-447|共15页
  • 作者

    Luciano Maiani;

  • 作者单位
  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 原子能技术;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-18 00:35:50

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