A number of newly-formed Royal Canadian Air Force bombers flew to 'Happy Valley' - the industrial heartland of the Ruhr - as their baptism of fire. These were the Yorkshire-based 427 'Lion, 428 'Ghost' and 429 'Bison' Squadrons, equipped with Vickers Wellingtons. During March 1943 their contribution to raids against a growing number of targets increased and their crews, many of whom were inexperienced, were not found wanting.
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