Whenever Bochum, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Miillheim, Oberhausen and others appeared on the operations order it always meant a hard trip. Bomber Command crews knew tliey would not have to penetrate too far into Germany for these targets, but that did not matter. These towns and cities lay within the industrial zone that took its name from the valley of the River Ruhr, which flows westwards, joining the mighty Rhine at Duisburg.
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