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Testing Water Mist Systems Against Large lires in Tunnels: Integrating Test Data with CFD Simulations

机译:针对隧道中的大口径测试水雾系统:将测试数据与CFD模拟集成

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The high cost of conducting large, full-scale fire tests for the evaluation of suppression systems in tunnels tends to limit both the extent of the instrumentation provided and the number of tests that are conducted. Because of the variability of the large fires, performance criteria based on single point measurements derived from experience with smaller test fires were not reliable indicators of performance. Yet decisions about the acceptability of suppression systems must be based on the limited amount of performance information available. A means was sought to reduce the reliance on single point instrumentation readings, and to augment the value of the limited amount of test data by integrating the field testing with CFD modeling. In this study a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was used to simulate a series of full-scale fire tests of water mist systems conducted in 2006 in a highway test tunnel. The NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator version 4 (FDS4) was used to simulate five of the tunnel fire tests. The task was to confirm that the simulations could achieve a reasonable degree of agreement with the conditions measured in the tests. The model could then be used to evaluate the performance of the water mist system over a broader range of performance indicators than were measured. This paper illustrates what is unique about very large fire tests and presents highlights of the modeling. The level of agreement between simulation and test results is demonstrated for one test. Agreement was deemed to be good enough to establish confidence in applying the model to examine the conditions that would occur with an unsuppressed fire, which had not been tested. CFD modeling can be used to improve the understanding of the performance of the suppression system, and to augment the value of the test results. A second, complementary paper has been submitted to the SFPE Journal of Fire Protection Engineering to provide more detailed information about the FDS4 modeling than can be covered in this paper.
机译:进行大型,全面的火灾测试以评估隧道中的灭火系统的高昂成本往往会限制所提供仪器的范围和所进行测试的数量。由于大火的可变性,基于单点测量的性能标准(源自小火试验的经验)不是可靠的性能指标。然而,关于抑制系统的可接受性的决定必须基于有限的可用性能信息。通过将现场测试与CFD建模集成在一起,寻求一种减少对单点仪器读数的依赖,并增加有限数量的测试数据的价值的方法。在这项研究中,使用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型来模拟2006年在公路测试隧道中进行的一系列水雾系统的全面火灾测试。 NIST Fire Dynamics模拟器版本4(FDS4)用于模拟五个隧道火灾测试。任务是确认模拟可以与测试中所测条件达到合理程度的一致性。然后,该模型可用于在比所测量的更广泛的性能指标范围内评估水雾系统的性能。本文说明了超大型火灾测试的独特之处,并介绍了建模的重点。一项测试演示了仿真与测试结果之间的一致性水平。协议被认为足够好,可以建立信心,以应用该模型检查未经抑制的火灾(未经测试)会发生的情况。 CFD建模可用于增进对抑制系统性能的了解,并增加测试结果的价值。第二篇补充论文已提交给《 SFPE消防工程杂志》,以提供有关FDS4建模的详细信息,超出了本文涵盖的范围。

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