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The impact of smoke on walking speed

机译:烟雾对步行速度的影响

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In fire safety engineering, information about the expected walking speed of occupants through smoke is often one factor that is of interest to the designer. However, despite the fact that research already in the 1970s demonstrated that people tend to evacuate through smoke, little research has been performed on the topic since, and evidently, there is a lack of data on walking speed in smoke. This has created a situation where fire safety engineering assessments of the required safe escape time may be intimately associated with high uncertainties, especially for buildings in which people can be expected to evacuate long distances through smoke, for example, underground transportation systems. In order to address the lack of data on movement through smoke, 133 data points on individual walking speed in smoke are presented in this paper. The data lie within an extinction coefficient range of 1.2-7.5 m~(-1). In line with previous studies, it is demonstrated that the level of smoke density has a negative impact on the walking speed, whereas no significant effects of inclination, type of floor material, gender, age and height could be found in the data. In this paper, recommendations are also provided on how designers should treat the data in their fire safety risk assessments, depending on the type of risk analysis method, that is, if the designer is performing a deterministic analysis or a quantitative risk analysis. It is argued that this information can be used to reduce the uncertainty in future risk analyses involving egress calculations.
机译:在消防安全工程中,有关乘员通过烟雾的预期步行速度的信息通常是设计人员感兴趣的因素之一。但是,尽管事实上在1970年代已经有研究表明人们倾向于通过烟雾疏散,但由于缺乏关于烟雾行走速度的数据,因此对该主题的研究很少。这造成了一种情况,即消防安全工程对所需安全逃生时间的评估可能与高度不确定性密切相关,尤其是对于人们可能因烟雾而疏散远距离的建筑物,例如地下运输系统。为了解决缺乏通过烟雾运动的数据,本文提出了关于烟雾中个体行走速度的133个数据点。数据在1.2-7.5 m〜(-1)的消光系数范围内。与以前的研究一致,研究表明烟雾密度水平对步行速度具有负面影响,而在数据中没有发现倾斜度,地板材料类型,性别,年龄和身高的显着影响。在本文中,还根据风险分析方法的类型(即,设计人员正在执行确定性分析还是定量风险分析),提供了有关设计人员应如何处理其消防安全风险评估中的数据的建议。有人认为,此信息可用于减少涉及出口计算的未来风险分析的不确定性。

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