Intraosseous Access: What's Out There?

摘要

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) have grown considerably since our humble beginnings in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, endotracheal intubation, and intravenous (Ⅳ) therapy are among the interventions and therapies that were in their infancy in EMS and continued to develop and advance through numerous studies and clinical trials. Gaining vascular access is crucial to administer resuscitation medications and fluids to critically ill patients. In many cases, especially with critical patients, veins tend to collapse and be unavailable for paramedic access. Intraosseous (IO) vascular access became the solution to this problem.