Kansankielestä yliopisto-opintojen kieleksi. Suomen kielen alkuvaiheista Helsingin yliopiston teologisessa tiedekunnassa

摘要

Jakob Johan Nervander (1805-1852), yksi Suomen Tiedeseuran perustajista, oli fysiikan professori, tutkimusalansa tieteellinen uranuurtaja Suomessa ja 1830-luvulla Helsingissä kokoontuneen Lauantaiseuran älymystöpiirin jäsen. Hän kirjoitti toiselle lauantaiseuralaiselle J. V. Snellmanille vuonna 1846 tämän ajatuksesta suomenkielisen kirjallisuuden luomiseksi. Nervander mielestä suomenkieliset muodostivat "kansan", mutta he eivät kuitenkaan olleet kansakunta, koska heiltä puuttui historia. Kansakunnan syntymiseen tarvittiin hänen mielestään ensisijaisesti Suomen historian ja vasta toissijaisesti suomenkielisen kirjallisuuden luomista.%The Finnish university nationalism, as university nationalisms elsewhere, concentrated on questions of vernacular language and national history in the 19~(th) century. University nationalism was present also in the Faculty of Theology at the University of Helsinki. The dominating language at University of Helsinki in the 19~(th) century was Swedish. The first professor ever to teach in Finnish at the Faculty of Theology was Anders Wilhelm Ingman, professor of Exegetics. During his years of study he participated in M. A Castren's lectures on Kalevala, rejected his mother-tongue Swedish and learnt Finnish - he stated that it was almost as difficult as studying Creek or Arabic - and became an ardent propagator of nationalistic goals. Ingman's life included also a religious turn into the revival movement of the Awakened in the 1840s and later into Bible theology, a fundamentalist Finnish school following a Tubingen professor Johann Tobias Beck. Ingman was nominated professor in 1864. In the same year he began, for the first time in history, to educate future Finnish pastors by lecturing in Finnish. Since students of theology did not know enough Finnish in order to follow Finnish-speaking lectures, he introduced a practice of reading a Bible passage, usually from the Old Testament, in Finnish and giving his lecture in Swedish. Once a week he would give a Finnish summary of his teachings that week. Ingman was of the opinion that Finnish nationalism should be based on religion, and convinced that the Lutheran Finnish clergy should work for national aims. However, the students of theology supported language nationalism even prior to Ingman's teaching. In 1853 they had chosen Finnish as their "official language", which meant that minutes on their weekly meetings were written in Finnish and then translated into Swedish in order to please the dean of the faculty, Frans Ludvig Schauman, who did not know Finnish. Even the idea of giving theological lectures in Finnish was first presented by one of the students, by a tenant farmer's son, in 1864. He and others like him changed the language of the Lutheran clergy from Swedish into Finnish by a process of upward social mobility, facilitated by the founding of Finnish-speaking schools, in the latter half of the 19~(th) century. First generation Finnish-speaking students, sons of uneducated parents, entered the University, chose a career as Lutheran pastors. This from below process gradually established Finnish as the language of theological education as well as changed the language of the Lutheran clergy from previously dominant Swedish language into Finnish.