Many of the recent articles in this se-ries have been concerned with the problem of getting bits or bytes of data into or out of a PC, which is something that seems to have become more difficult over the years. It is also an aspect of PC in-terfacing that undergoes frequent changes. In this article, the electronics beyond input/ output ports will be considered. In contrast to computer ports and pro-gramming languages, this is an aspect of things that has not really changed a great deal since the early days of home computing. Many of the techniques used with the old BBC Model B computer work equally well with a modern PC equipped with a suitable input/output port.
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