All electronic systems generate both wanted and unwanted energy that may result in electromagnetic interference. This excess energy, whether from wanted signals, such as clocks and bus lines that have been improperly decoupled, filtered, or terminated, or from unwanted signals such as cell phone or power supply noise, can cause incorrect output or early system failure. For today's engineers, the main challenge is to recognize EMI suppression as a design parameter early in the process to optimize board layout with large power and ground planes. Recent developments in passive components, including a variety of technologies based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and barium titanate (BaTiO_3), are adding to the options offered to designers.
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