Emissions from Transportation and Fuels: The Importance of Initial and Real World Measurements for Policy Making in India

摘要

Air pollution is typically one of the by-products of a growing economy, especially in the developing world. India is no exception. This paper highlights the importance of acquiring reliable, real world data, which is necessary for making sound policy decisions. Using examples where real world emissions of nitrogen oxides exceed those obtained during vehicle emission test procedures, recommendations are made for India in designing and applying an air quality management system, which relates emissions, meteorology and atmospheric chemistry to ambient air quality concentrations. Specific recommendations are made to require Euro 6/VI vehicle emission standards by 2019 and nationwide ultra low sulfur fuels by 2015 (50 ppm) and 2017 (10 ppm). Controls of evaporative emission during refueling should be implemented by 2017. Recommendations are also made for improved initial vehicle emission testing, routine testing of fuels being sold in the marketplace, and an enforceable vehicle in use emission testing program.