Error analysis of ticket vending machines: comparing analytic and empirical data

摘要

An error analysis was performed on the three ticket vending machines installed at London underground and over ground train stations. A brief analytic inspection, Resulting in a set of predicted errors, was followed by lengthy empirical Observations of successes, failures and errors occurring during machine use. There were two observational phases, 5 years apart. Comparisons were made Between the patterns of error-making on the three machines, using error Categories derived from the initial analysis.