Small surface water systems use membrane filters to remove disinfection by-product precursors

摘要

Two Canadian installations are demonstrating the effectiveness of nanofiltration membranes in removing dissolved organic materials from surface water used for drinking in many small, rural communities. The membrane filtration plants economically remove organics (mostly humic and fulvic acids) that, after chlorination, yield undesirable disinfection by-products such as TTHM (trihalomethanes) and HAA(5) (haloacetic acids) in the treated water.