首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Pollution >Mobilisation kinetics of hazardous elements in marine plastics subject to an avian physiologically-based extraction test
【24h】

Mobilisation kinetics of hazardous elements in marine plastics subject to an avian physiologically-based extraction test

机译:禽类基于生理学提取试验的海洋塑料中有害元素的移动动力学

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
       

摘要

Samples of plastic collected from two beaches in southwest England (n = 185) have been analysed by XRF spectrometry for elements that are hazardous or restricted in synthetic polymers (namely, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb and Se). Overall, one or more restricted element was detected in 151 samples, with 15 cases exhibiting non-compliance with respect to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive. Twelve plastics that were RoHS-non-compliant were subsequently processed into microplastic-sized fragments and subjected to an avian physiologically-based extraction test (PBET) that simulates the chemical conditions in the gizzard-proventriculus of the northern fulmar. Kinetic profiles of metal and metalloid mobilisation in the PBET were fitted using a pseudo-first-order diffusion model with rate constants ranging from -0.02 to 0.5 h(-1), while profiles for Br were better fitted with a parabolic diffusion model and rate constants of 7.4-9.5 (mu g L-1)(-1) h(-1/2). Bioaccessibilities, based on maximum or equilibrium concentrations mobilised relative to total (XRF) concentrations, ranged from 1% for Cd and Se in polyethylene and polypropylene to over 10% for Br in a sample of expanded polystyrene and Pb in a sample of PVC. Calculations suggest that ingested plastic could contribute about 6% and 30% of a seabird's exposure to and accumulation of Pb and brominated compounds, respectively. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:通过XRF光谱法分析了从英格兰西南部两个海滩(n = 185)收集的塑料样品中的有害或限制于合成聚合物中的元素(即,As,Ba,Br,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,Sb和硒)。总体而言,在151个样品中检测到一种或多种限制元素,其中15例显示出对有害物质限制(RoHS)指令不符合规定。随后将十二种不符合RoHS要求的塑料加工成微塑料大小的碎片,并进行禽类基于生理的提取试验(PBET),该试验模拟了北ful g部的化学条件。使用假一阶扩散模型拟合PBET中金属和类金属动员的动力学曲线,速率常数范围为-0.02至0.5 h(-1),而Br的曲线更适合抛物线扩散模型和速率常数为7.4-9.5(μg L-1)(-1)h(-1/2)。根据相对于总(XRF)浓度调动的最大浓度或平衡浓度,生物利用度的范围从聚乙烯和聚丙烯中Cd和Se的<1%到膨胀聚苯乙烯样品中的Br和PVC样品中的Pb不到10%。计算表明,摄入的塑料可能分别导致海鸟接触Pb和溴化化合物的累积量的6%和30%。 (C)2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号