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Paying for Forest Ecosystem Services: Voluntary Versus Mandatory Payments

机译:为森林生态系统服务付费:自愿与强制性付款

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The emergence of new markets for forest ecosystem services can be a compelling opportunity for market diversification for private forest landowners, while increasing the provision of public goods from private lands. However, there is limited information available on the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for specific forest ecosystem services, particularly across different ecosystem market mechanisms. We utilize survey data from Oregon and Washington households to compare marginal WTP for forest ecosystem services and the total WTP for cost-effective bundles of forest ecosystem services obtained from a typical Pacific Northwest forest across two value elici-tation formats representing two different ecosystem market mechanisms: an incentive-compatible choice experiment involving mandatory tax payments and a hypothetical private provision scenario modeled as eliciting contributions to the preferred forest management alternative via a provision point mechanism with a refund. A representative household's total WTP for the average forest management program was estimated at $217.59 per household/year under a mandatory tax mechanism and $160.44 per household/per year under a voluntary, crowdfunding-style, contribution mechanism; however, these estimates are not statistically different. Marginal WTP estimates were assessed for particular forest ecosystem service attributes including water quality, carbon storage, mature forest habitat, and public recreational access. This study finds that survey respondents place significant economic value on forest ecosystem services in both elicitation formats and that the distributions of the marginal WTP are not statistically significantly different.
机译:森林生态系统服务新市场的出现可能是私有林土地所有者进行市场多元化的引人注目的机会,同时增加了私有土地提供的公共产品。但是,关于特定森林生态系统服务的支付意愿(WTP)的可用信息有限,尤其是跨不同生态系统市场机制的支付意愿。我们利用来自俄勒冈州和华盛顿州家庭的调查数据,比较了代表两种不同生态系统市场机制的两种价值选择格式从典型的西北太平洋地区森林获得的森林生态系统服务的边际WTP和成本效益捆绑式森林生态系统服务的总WTP。 :一种与激励兼容的选择实验,涉及强制性税款支付和假设的私人提供方案,其模拟为通过具有退款的提供点机制为首选的森林管理替代方案提供捐助。在强制性税收机制下,代表家庭平均森林管理计划的总WTP估计为每户每年217.59美元,在自愿,众筹形式的捐款机制下,估计为每户每年160.44美元;但是,这些估计值在统计上没有差异。针对特定的森林生态系统服务属性(包括水质,碳存储,成熟的森林栖息地和公共休闲设施)评估了边际WTP估算。这项研究发现,被调查者都以两种启发形式对森林生态系统服务具有重要的经济价值,并且边际WTP的分布在统计上没有显着差异。

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