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Characteristics of Urban Natural Areas Influencing Winter Bird Use in Southern Ontario, Canada

机译:影响加拿大安大略省南部冬季鸟类使用的城市自然区的特征

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摘要

Characteristics of urban natural areas and surrounding landscapes were identified that best explain winter bird use for 28 urban natural areas in southern Ontario, Canada. The research confirms for winter birds the importance of area (size) and natural vegetation, rather than managed, horticultural parkland, within urban natural areas as well as percent urban land use and natural habitat in surrounding landscapes. Alien bird density and percent ground feeding species increased with percent surrounding urban land use. Higher percent forest cover was associated with higher percentages of forest, bark feeding, small ( < 20 g) and insectivorous species. Natural area size (ha) was related to higher species richness, lower evenness and higher percentages of insectivorous, forest interior, area-sensitive, upper canopy, bark feeding, and non-resident species. Higher number of habitat types within natural areas and percent natural habitat in surrounding landscapes were also associated with higher species richness. Common, resident bird species dominated small areas ( < 6.5 ha), while less common non-residents increased with area, indicative of a nested distribution. Areas at least 6.5 ha and more generally > 20 ha start to support some area-sensitive species. Areas similar to rural forests had > 25% insectivores, > 25% forest interior species, > 25% small species, and < 5% alien species. Indicator species separated urban natural areas from rural habitats and ordination placed urban natural areas along a gradient between urban development and undisturbed, rural forests. More attention is needed on issues of winter bird conservation in urban landscapes.
机译:确定了城市自然区域和周围景观的特征,可以最好地解释加拿大安大略省南部28个城市自然区域中冬季鸟类的使用。该研究证实了对于冬季鸟类来说,城市自然区域内面积(大小)和自然植被(而非管理的园艺园地)以及城市土地利用百分比和周围景观中自然栖息地的重要性。外来鸟类的密度和地面觅食物种的百分比随着周围城市土地利用的百分比而增加。较高的森林覆盖率与较高的森林百分比,树皮取食,较小(<20克)和食虫物种有关。自然面积(公顷)与较高的物种丰富度,较低的均匀度和较高的食虫性,森林内部,区域敏感型,上部冠层,树皮饲养和非居留物种有关。自然区域内栖息地类型的数量增加,周围景观中自然栖息地的百分比也与物种丰富度增加有关。常见的常驻鸟类占较小区域(<6.5公顷),而较少见的非常住鸟类随面积增加,表明巢状分布。面积至少为6.5公顷,更普遍的是> 20公顷的地区开始支持某些对面积敏感的物种。与农村森林相似的地区的食虫动物占25%以上,森林内部物种占25%以上,小物种占25%以上,外来物种占5%以下。指示物物种将城市自然区域与农村栖息地分隔开来,并按照城市发展与未受干扰的农村森林之间的梯度将城市自然区域划分为有序区域。在城市景观中的冬季鸟类保护问题上需要更多的关注。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Environmental Management》 |2007年第3期|p.338-352|共15页
  • 作者

    Paul G. R. Smith;

  • 作者单位

    Environmental Policy and Programs Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 1 Stone Road West, 3rd floor, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 4Y2;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境保护管理;
  • 关键词

    winter birds; urban ecology; natural area; urbanization;

    机译:冬季鸟类;城市生态;自然区域;城市化;
  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 13:31:56

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