Spatiotemporal Distribution of Chemical Fertilizer Application and Manure Application Potential in China

摘要

Excessive chemical fertilizer application in croplands and untreated discharge from livestock and poultry industries have resulted in serious nonpoint pollution in China. In 2014, geographic information system was used to evaluate the potential of chemical and organic fertilizer application to affect the spatiotemporal characteristics of mineral fertilizer application, and the impacts of nutrient supply from livestock and poultry industries were analyzed in China. Environmental impact of mineral fertilizer was estimated by the nitrogen and phosphorus discharge coefficient of mineral fertilizer in different zones. Average total nitrogen and total phosphorus of chemical fertilizer application per arable land were 158.5 N kg/ha and 68.7 P kg/ha, respectively. Average organic nitrogen and phosphorus supply potential per unit of arable land from livestock and poultry in China were 211 N kg/ha and 32 P kg/ha, respectively; however, large regional variations were observed. Partially replacing chemical fertilizer with suitable organic fertilizer from the livestock and poultry industries with safety threshold for application is an effective measure to develop organic agriculture. This will also serve as a better strategy for future agricultural development where farming and animal husbandry will be well integrated to develop organic agriculture. This study provides regional nutrient guidance and environmental management to decrease agricultural nonpoint source environmental pollution.