Overview of hybrid and composite systems for seismic design in the United States

摘要

An overview of the use of composite structural systems for seismic design in the United States. Provides a brief summary of the types of buildings constructed from different composite systems includ- ing normal composite slabs, concrete filled tubes, encased steel sections, and connections between concrete walls and steel fram- ing. The present understanding of the behavior of these systems is described. It will be shown that the construction practice has frequently gone beyond the research and theoretical understand- ing of the behavior of these complex elements. Present ongoing research efforts are, therefore, briefly noted.