Classification of damage to steel buildings observed in the 1995 Hyogoken--Nanbu earthquake

摘要

This paper presents an overview of the damage to steel buildings observed in the 1995 Hyogoken--Nanbu earthquakes. It summarizes the Japanese seismic design concept and the level of earthquake forces exerted on steel buildings built in severely shaken regions. Statistical data on the damage are presented with respect to the building height and type and the location of damage and typical damage 'is highlighted. The damage to welded beam-to--column connections is explained from the perspectives of materials, weld- ing, connection details and plastic rotation demand. Finally, the damage was classified with respect to the previous awareness and the difficulty in providing solutions.