The California Institute of Technology has a distinguished history of launching and operating some of the best observatories in the world. For example, the 200-inch Hale Telescope on Palomar Mountain was both a bold undertaking in 1949 and the era's greatest achievement in telescope design. Another significant advancement came in 1993 with the first light captured by the 10-meter segmented-mirror Keck Ⅰ Telescope atop Mauna Kea, followed by the completion of its twin, Keck Ⅱ, in 1996. Built by Caltech and the University of California, these twin telescopes stand as the current state of the art in optical and infrared instrumentation.
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