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Biodiesel production from castor oil in Egypt: Process optimisation, kinetic study, diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions analysis

机译:埃及使用蓖麻油生产生物柴油:工艺优化,动力学研究,柴油机性能和废气排放分析

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In this study, biodiesel production from castor oil has been investigated. Five independent variables including; methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, time and stirring rate have been chosen to investigate their effect on biodiesel yield. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)viaRotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD) has been used to evaluate the influence of the independent variables on the reaction response. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to investigate the adequacy of the predicted model. The optimum conditions for 97.82% biodiesel yield have been achieved at M:O molar ratio of 5.4:1, potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst concentration of 0.73%, temperature of 64 °C, time of 2.5 h and stirring rate of 320 rpm. The predicted optimum conditions have been validated with 0.59% relative error from experimental results. The kinetic calculations concluded that reaction is pseudo second order with reaction rate constant, activation energy and frequency factor of 0.16 M−1 min−1, 21.95 kJ/mol and 6.02 M−1 min−1, respectively. Finally, a case study investigating the performance and emissions on a direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel/petro-diesel blends (5, 10, 15 and 20% v:v) has been performed concluding significant reduction of greenhouse and toxic gases.
机译:在这项研究中,已经研究了由蓖麻油生产生物柴油。五个独立变量,包括;选择甲醇与油(M:O)的摩尔比,催化剂浓度,反应温度,时间和搅拌速率来研究它们对生物柴油收率的影响。通过可旋转中央复合设计(RCCD)进行的响应面方法(RSM)已用于评估自变量对反应响应的影响。方差分析(ANOVA)已用于研究预测模型的充分性。在5.4:1的M:O摩尔比,0.73%的氢氧化钾(KOH)催化剂浓度,64°C的温度,2.5 h的时间和320 achievedrpm的搅拌速度下,实现了97.82%生物柴油收率的最佳条件。实验结果表明,预测的最佳条件的相对误差为0.59%。动力学计算得出反应是伪二级反应,反应速率常数,活化能和频率因子分别为0.16 M-1−min-1、21.95 kJ / mol和6.02 M-1 min-1。最后,进行了一个案例研究,研究了由生物柴油/石油-柴油混合物(5:10、15和20%v:v)提供燃料的直喷式(DI)柴油发动机的性能和排放,从而显着减少了温室气体和有毒物质的排放。气体。

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