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An active control strategy for district heating networks and the effect of different thermal energy storage configurations

机译:区域供热网络的主动控制策略以及不同热能存储配置的影响

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The work presented in this paper relates to a small scale district heating network heated by a gas-fired CHP. In most common situations, such a CHP is heat driven operated, meaning that the CHP will switch on whenever heat is needed, while not taking into account the demand of electricity at that time. In this paper however, an active control strategy is developed, aiming to maximize the profit of the CHP, selling its electricity on the spot market. The CHP will therefore switch on at moments of high electricity prices. Nevertheless, since there never is a perfect match between the demand of heat and the demand of electricity, thermal energy storage is included in the network to overcome this difference. Here, three different storage concepts are compared: (1) a central buffer tank next to the CHP; (2) small storage vessels distributed over the different connected buildings; and (3) the use of the thermal mass of the buildings as storage capacity. Besides the development of the control algorithms based on model predictive control, a simulation model of the network is described to evaluate the performance of the different storage concept during a representative winter week. The results show that the presented control algorithm can significantly influence the heat demand profile of the connected buildings. As a result, active control of the CHP can drastically increase the profit of the CHP. The concept with the distributed buffers gives the best results, whereas the profit for the thermal mass concept is only marginally smaller. Since in this latter case no significant investment costs are needed, the conclusion for this case study is that the use of thermal mass of buildings for demand side management in district heating systems is very promising. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译:本文介绍的工作涉及由燃气热电联产加热的小型区域供热网络。在最常见的情况下,这样的CHP是热驱动的,这意味着CHP会在需要热量时打开,而无需考虑当时的用电需求。然而,在本文中,开发了一种主动控制策略,旨在通过在现货市场上出售其热电来最大化CHP的利润。因此,CHP将在高电价时打开。然而,由于热量需求和电力需求之间从来没有完美的匹配,因此网络中包含了热能存储以克服这种差异。在此,对三种不同的存储概念进行了比较:(1)CHP旁的中央缓冲罐; (2)小型储存容器分布在不同的相连建筑物上; (3)利用建筑物的热质作为储存容量。除了开发基于模型预测控制的控制算法外,还描述了网络的仿真模型,以评估代表冬季期间不同存储概念的性能。结果表明,所提出的控制算法可以显着影响连接建筑物的热需求曲线。结果,对CHP的主动控制可以大大增加CHP的利润。具有分布式缓冲区的概念可提供最佳结果,而热质量概念的利润仅略微减少。由于在后一种情况下不需要大量的投资成本,因此本案例研究的结论是,将建筑物的热质量用于区域供热系统中的需求侧管理是非常有前途的。 (C)2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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