In major industries, motors account for between 75% and 90% of the total electrical load of a plant, and the great majority of motors used in industry, above the fractional kilowatt size, are three-phase induction motors. One of the primary areas of concern in an energy-efficiency programme should be the correction of low power factor in these motor circuits. Power factor (PF) is the value of the power that the motor uses to produce work (called active power or true power, measured in watts or kilowatts) divided by the power the motor consumes (called apparent power measured in volt-amperes or kilovolt-amperes, abbreviated VA or kVA).
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