When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was "the most class-ridden country under the sun", he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group-Boston's Brahmins, France's enarques, the Communist Party of China-perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ran-veer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.
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